PASSIVE VOICE AND ACTIVE VOICE

suara pasif

Authors

  • M.Yusri Ali Lubis Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
  • Reysha Miranti Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62145/ces.v2i2.52

Keywords:

Keywords: Active voice, Passive Voice, Academic writing, English as a Foreign Language (EFL)

Abstract

Background: Expert guidelines recommend using active over passive voice to improve clarity in English
academic writing. However, few systematic reviews synthesize research on reader outcomes from texts written
in the passive versus active voice. This paper reviewed experimental studies comparing the effects of active and
passive voice on reader comprehension in English academic writing. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines,
database searches identified quantitative studies manipulating voice in academic texts and measuring
differential impacts on reader understanding. 9 eligible studies were analyzed narratively. Results: Studies
consistently demonstrated reduced readability, slower processing, and lower comprehension scores for passive
versus active voice texts across reader groups and disciplines.
On coherence ratings, grammatical errors, and comprehension questions, passive voice performed significantly
worse.
Conclusions: Strong evidence confirms active voice improves reader comprehension over passive in academic
writing. However, strategic passive usage may still benefit writing on a situational basis. More research is
needed on providing effective instruction to EFL students on selectively deploying active/passive principles.
Originality: This systematic review is the first to synthesize major studies comparing active and passive voice
impacts on reader outcomes in academic writing. The consistent experimental results provide an empirical basis
for style guidelines favoring active voice for clarity.

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Published

2024-05-31

How to Cite

M.Yusri Ali Lubis, & Reysha Miranti. (2024). PASSIVE VOICE AND ACTIVE VOICE: suara pasif. Cemara Education and Science, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.62145/ces.v2i2.52